О перспективных электротехнологиях в авиастроении
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2025-12-4-17Ключевые слова:
зеленая авиация, ламинарно-турбулентный переход, трение летательного аппарата, плазменная аэродинамика, электротяга, гибридная и турбоэлектрическая силовые установкиАннотация
В статье рассматриваются перспективные направления проектирования летательных аппаратов, направленные на снижение расхода топлива, вредных выбросов и уровня шума. Отдельное место отведено научным работам, связанным с электротехнологиями, основанными на методах плазменной аэродинамики для активного управления обтеканием летательных аппаратов и электрификации систем летательных аппаратов. В перспективе плазменные технологии ламинаризации потока и уменьшения поверхностного трения могут способствовать увеличению дальности полета за счет экономии потребляемого топлива при сохранении взлетной массы. Тем не менее, их успешное внедрение требует создания высокоэффективных, полностью управляемых и помехозащищенных плазменных устройств с обратной связью, способных подавлять вредные возмущения в широком диапазоне условий полета. Электрические силовые установки для среднемагистральных и дальнемагистральных самолетов обеспечивают более эффективное использование бортовой энергии по сравнению с традиционными, однако их использование сопряжено с множеством проблем, основная из которых малая удельная мощность аккумуляторных батарей как основных источников электропитания. Альтернативой мощным самолетам на электротяге могут стать аппараты с гибридными и турбоэлектрическими силовыми установками, однако их внедрение требует решения проблем с повышением напряжения в бортовой сети и созданием надежных изоляционных систем.
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2025-10-30
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