Оптимальное извлечение энергии из неоднородно стареющего фотоэлектрического массива с использованием сумматора тока
Аннотация
Сложные условия эксплуатации фотоэлектрической матрицы на открытом воздухе приводят к неравномерному старению фотоэлектрических панелей, что сокращает срок службы фотоэлектрических модулей и энергетическую эффективность всей матрицы. При неравномерных условиях старения для последовательно соединенных фотоэлектрических модулей характеристики всей фотоэлектрической матрицы изменяются, что приводит к появлению многих пиков на кривой оптимального отбора мощности, лишь один из которых соответствует глобальному оптимуму. Появление дополнительных пиков вызывает ошибки в работе традиционных и широко используемых методов отслеживания точки максимальной мощности, что приводит к дополнительным потерям мощности. Эта статья предлагает использование сумматора тока для извлечения максимальной мощности из неоднородного фотоэлектрического массива. При использовании сумматора тока характеристики массива фотоэлектрических матриц приобретают уникальную форму, благодаря которой максимальная мощность определяется однозначно, даже если следовать простому алгоритму ее определения. Следовательно, предложенное решение позволяет избежать потерь мощности. Проведено сравнительное исследование для демонстрации эффективности предложенного решения. В конечном итоге, в статье представлен автономный алгоритм перестановки устаревших модулей для извлечения оптимальной мощности из крупномасштабных фотоэлектрических массивов.
Литература
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Y. Hu, J. Zhang, J. Wu, W. Cao, G.Y. Tian, and J.L. Kirtley, Efficiency Improvement of Non-Uniformly-Aged PV Arrays. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 32, No. 2, 2017.
Y. Hu, J. Zhang, P. Li, D. Yu, and L. Jiang, Non-Uniform Aged Modules Reconfiguration for Large-Scale PV Array. — IEEE Trans. DEVICE Mater. Reliab., vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 560-569, 2017.
S.K. Das, D. Verma, S. Nema, and R.K. Nema, Shading mitigation techniques: State-of-the-art in photovoltaic applications. - Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 78, pp. 369-390, 2017.
E. Kandemir, N.S. Cetin, and S. Borekci, A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. - Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 78, pp. 93-112, 2017.
S. Djordjevic, D. Parlevliet, and P. Jennings, Detectable faults on recently installed solar modules in Western Australia. - Renew. Energy, pp. 1-7, 2013.
P. Udenze, Y. Hu, H. Wen, X. Ye, and K. Ni, A Reconfiguration Method for Extracting Maximum Power from Non-Uniform Aging Solar Panels. - Energies, vol. 11, No. 10, pp. 1-15, 2018.
M. Balato, L. Costanzo, and M. Vitelli, Multi-objective optimization of PV arrays performances by means of the dynamical reconfiguration of PV modules connections. - 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications ICRERA 2015), 2015, vol. 5, pp. 1646-1650.
Y. Mahmoud and E.F. El-saadany, Enhanced Reconfiguration Method for Reducing Mismatch Losses in PV Systems. - IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 1746-1754, 2017.
Y. Mahmoud and E. El-saadany, A Novel MPPT Technique based on an Image of PV Modules. - IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 213-221, 2016.
A. Refaat, A. Kalas, A. Daoud, and F. Bendary, A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System. - Clemson University Power Systems Conference (PSC 2013), 2013.
A. Refaat, M. Elgamal, and N.V. Korovkin, A Novel Photovoltaic Current Collector Optimizer to Extract Maximum Power during Partial Shading or Mismatch Conditions. - 2019 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), 2019, pp. 407-412.
M. Uno and A. Kukita, Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck-Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. - IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105, 2015.
S. Sajwan, M.K. Singh, and S. Urooj, Physical Relocation of PV Panel for optimization of power under PSC in PV Array. - 2018 IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference (eTechNxT), 2018.
M.L. Orozco-Gutierrez, G. Spagnuolo, J.M. Ramirez-Scarpetta, G. Petrone, and C.A. Ramos-Paja, Optimized Configuration of Mismatched Photovoltaic Arrays. - IEEE J. PHOTOVOLTAICS, vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 1210-1220, 2016.
T.S. Babu, J.P. Ram, T. Dragmevte, M. Miyatake, F. Blaabjerg, and N. Rajasekar, Particle Swarm Optimization Based Solar PV Array Reconfiguration of the Maximum Power Extraction Under Partial Shading Conditions. - IEEE Trans. Sustain. ENERGY, vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 74-85, 2018.
V. Darmini and K. Sunitha, Comparison of Solar PV Array Configuration Methods under Different Shading Patterns. - 2017 International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power and Energy (TAP Energy), 2017.
H. Liu, L. Wan, and B. Pei,‘Optimal Scheme of PV Array in Partial Shading?: A Reconfiguration Algorithm. - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, 2016, pp. 2105-2109.
A. Refaat and N. Korovkin, A New Photovoltaic Current Collector Optimizer to Enhance the Performance of Centralized Inverter Topologies. International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Sustainable Energy Technologies. - EMMFT 2018, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 982 (1), V. Murgul and M. Pasetti, Eds. Springer International Publishing, 2019.
B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntsov, and A.T. Sultanov, Analysis of transient modes for the current adder of MHD-generator. - Elektrichestvo, No. 4, pp. 32-38, 1989.
A. Ndiaye, C. M. F. kiibii, P. A. Ndiaye, A. Charki, A. Kobi, and V. Sambou, A Novel Method for Investigating Photovoltaic Module Degradation. - Energy Procedia, vol. 36, pp. 1222-1231, 2013.
A. Refaat, A. Kalas, A. Daoud, and F. Bendary, A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard. - IEEE 929-2000. Proceedings of the 15th Internaional Middel East Power System Conference (MEPCON12), 2012.
