Новая централизованная топология фотоэлектрических преобразователей, работающих с сетью, оптимизированная для условий частичного затенения
Ключевые слова:
фотогальваническая система, оптимизация суммирования токов, централизованные инверторы, подключение к сети, управляемый инвертор напряжения, отслеживание максимальной мощности, качество электроэнергии, эффективность, частичное затенение
Аннотация
Централизованные инверторы с сетевым подключением, основанные на традиционных топологиях — одно из лучших решений для средних и крупных фотоэлектрических электростанций благо- даря их низкой стоимости и простоте. Однако выходная мощность этих традиционных решений резко снижается из-за эффектов частичного затенения панелей и(или) при разбросе параметров фотоэлектрических панелей. В статье предлагается новая топология централизованного инвертора, подключенного к сети, основанная на сумматоре тока, которая повышает выходную мощность фотоэлектрической матрицы в случае ее частичного затенения или несовпадения параметров фотоэлектрических модулей. Фотоэлектрические модули устанавливаются в стек сумматора, а затем подключаются к сети через трехфазный инвертор напряжения. Сумматор используются для улучшения сбора энергии от фотоэлектрической матрицы вместо обходных и блокирующих диодов, которые искажают характеристики фотоэлектрической матрицы и уменьшают ее выходную мощность. Инвертор напряжения применяется для подачи высококачественного переменного тока в сеть и совместного отслеживания режима максимальной мощности. Для проверки работы предложенной топологии выполнено компьютерное моделирование с использованием MATLAB/Simulink. Результаты моделирования показывают, что предложенная топология обеспечивает хороший отклик в устойчивом состоянии, быстрый динамический отклик, совершенное и надежное отслеживание точки максимальной мощности в условиях частичного затенения.
Литература
Bao C., Ruan X., Wang X., Li W., Pan D., Weng K. Step-by-step controller design for LCL-Type Grid-Connected inverter with capacitor-current-feedback active-damping. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1239-1253.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
USSR patent, N 738044, Н 02 J 1/10, 1976. Loading system of a multi-electrode magnetohydrodynamic generator / B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntzov, V.V. Laskin, A.T. Sultanov..
Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
#
Bao C., Ruan X., Wang X., Li W., Pan D., Weng K. Step-by-step controller design for LCL-Type Grid-Connected inverter with capacitor-current-feedback active-damping. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1239-1253.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
USSR patent, N 738044, Н 02 J 1/10, 1976. Loading system of a multi-electrode magnetohydrodynamic generator / B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntzov, V.V. Laskin, A.T. Sultanov..
Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
USSR patent, N 738044, Н 02 J 1/10, 1976. Loading system of a multi-electrode magnetohydrodynamic generator / B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntzov, V.V. Laskin, A.T. Sultanov..
Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
#
Bao C., Ruan X., Wang X., Li W., Pan D., Weng K. Step-by-step controller design for LCL-Type Grid-Connected inverter with capacitor-current-feedback active-damping. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1239-1253.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
USSR patent, N 738044, Н 02 J 1/10, 1976. Loading system of a multi-electrode magnetohydrodynamic generator / B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntzov, V.V. Laskin, A.T. Sultanov..
Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
