A Novel Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Centralized Inverter Topology to Improve the Power Harvest during Partial Shading Condition
Keywords:
photovoltaic system, current collector optimizer (CCO), grid-connected centralized inverter topologies, P&O MPPT, current control VSI, power quality, efficiency, partial shading
Abstract
Grid-connected centralized inverters based on traditional topologies are one of the best solutions for medium and large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants due to their low cost and simplicity. However, the output power of these conventional topologies is drastically decreased because of partial shading effects or mismatch between PV panels. This paper proposes a new grid-connected centralized inverter topology based on a novel photovoltaic current collector optimizer (CCO) to enhance the power yield from PV array in case of partial shading or PV modules mismatch. The PV modules are stacked by CCOs and then interfaced to the grid through three phase-two level voltage source inverter (VSI). The CCOs are used to improve the power harvest from PV array instead of using bypass and blocking diodes which deforms the PV array characteristics and reduces its output power. The VSI is used to inject a high-quality AC current into the grid and perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) together. Computer simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink in order to test operation of the proposed topology. Simulation results show that the proposed topology offers an excellent steady-state response, fast dynamic response, perfect and robust tracking of maximum power point during partial shading condition.
References
Bao C., Ruan X., Wang X., Li W., Pan D., Weng K. Step-by-step controller design for LCL-Type Grid-Connected inverter with capacitor-current-feedback active-damping. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1239-1253.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
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Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
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Bao C., Ruan X., Wang X., Li W., Pan D., Weng K. Step-by-step controller design for LCL-Type Grid-Connected inverter with capacitor-current-feedback active-damping. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1239-1253.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
USSR patent, N 738044, Н 02 J 1/10, 1976. Loading system of a multi-electrode magnetohydrodynamic generator / B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntzov, V.V. Laskin, A.T. Sultanov..
Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
USSR patent, N 738044, Н 02 J 1/10, 1976. Loading system of a multi-electrode magnetohydrodynamic generator / B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntzov, V.V. Laskin, A.T. Sultanov..
Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
#
Bao C., Ruan X., Wang X., Li W., Pan D., Weng K. Step-by-step controller design for LCL-Type Grid-Connected inverter with capacitor-current-feedback active-damping. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 1239-1253.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Three Phase Grid Connected PV System, in Clemson University Power Systems Conference, 2013.
Hasan R., Mekhilef S., Seyedmahmoudian M., Horan B. Grid-connected isolated PV microinverters: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 67, pp. 1065-1080.
Kandemir E., Cetin N.S., Borekci S. A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems. — Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2017, vol. 78, pp. 93-112.
Uno M. and KukitaA. Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck #x2013; Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3091-3105.
Nimni Y. and Shmilovitz D. A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency. — 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems, 2010, pp. 2191-2194.
Fernando L., Villa L., Ho T., Crebier J., Raison B. A Power Electronics Equalizer Application for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1179-1190,.
Ben-Yaakov S., Blumenfeld A., Cervera A., Evzelman M. Design and evaluation of a modular resonant switched capacitors equalizer for PV panels. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2012, pp. 4129-4136.
Bergveld H. J., Bbthker D., Castello C., Doorn T., Jong A. De., Van Otten R., De Waal K. Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: The delta-conversion concept. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 2005-2013.
Giral R., Carrejo C.E., Vermeersh M., Saavedra-Montes A.J., Ramos-Paja C.A. PV field distributed maximum power point tracking by means of an active bypass converter. - 3rd International Conf. on Clean Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Resources Impact, 2011, pp. 94-98.
Qin S., Cady S.T., Dominguez-Garcia A.D., Pilawa-Podgurski R.C.N. A distributed approach to MPPT for PV sub-module differential power processing. — IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2778-2785.
Shenoy P.S., Kim K.A., Johnson B.B., Krein P.T. Differential power processing for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 2968-2979.
Kadri R., Gaubert J.P., Champenois G. New converter topology to improve performance of photovoltaic power generation system under shading conditions. - Intern. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2011, pp. 1-7.
Giral R., Ramos-Paja C.A., Gonzalez D., Calvente J., Cid-Pastor А., Martinez-Salamero L. Minimizing the effects of shadowing in a PV module by means of active voltage sharing. — Proceedings of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Industrial Technology, 2010, pp. 943-948.
Shimizu T., Hashimoto O., Kimura G. A novel high-performance utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system. — IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 704-711.
Du J., Xu R., Chen X., Li Y., Wu J. A novel solar panel optimizer with self-compensation for partial shadow condition. — IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2013, pp. 92-96.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. — IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000, p. 26.
Refaat A., Kalas A., Daoud A., Bendary F. A Control Methodology of Grid-Connected PV System to Verify The Standard IEEE 929-2000. — Proceedings of the 15th Intern. Middel East Power System Conf. (MEPCON?12), 2012.
USSR patent, N 738044, Н 02 J 1/10, 1976. Loading system of a multi-electrode magnetohydrodynamic generator / B.M. Antonov, V.A. Labuntzov, V.V. Laskin, A.T. Sultanov..
Liserre M., Blaabjerg F., Hansen S. Design and Control of An LCL-Filter Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2005, vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1281-1291.
Dannehl J., Wessels C., Fuchs F.W. Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With Filter. — IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 380-388.
