Разработка электромагнитной системы токоограничивающего реактора с ВТСП-экраном
Abstract
Fault current limiters (FCL) – chokes – are used in power systems for limiting short-circuit (SC) currents to prevent damage to electrical equipment and emergency situations from occurring. However, during normal network operation, a voltage drop occurs across the choke (mainly of an inductive nature), which is an undesirable effect. Given that maintaining voltage levels within acceptable ranges is one of the main requirements for ensuring reliable operation and survivability of electric power systems, limitations are imposed on the FCL impedance value. It is usually required that in the nominal network operation mode, the voltage drop across the choke does not exceed 5 % of the phase voltage. Such a limitation makes the choke protective action less efficient. Ideally, the choke should have relatively low reactance in the nominal mode and increased reactance in the SC mode. The aim of the study is to propose ways to modernize conventional chokes by using a shield consisting of short-circuited rings made of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. As a result, choke reactance in the nominal operating mode is decreased significantly, and so is the voltage drop across it, while the SC current limitation efficiency remains the same. The newly developed choke with an HTS shield consists of two concentric inductively coupled windings. The primary winding, which is a choke conventional winding, remains unchanged, whereas the secondary winding is an HTS shield cooled to cryogenic temperatures (77 K). The article presents numerical models using which the choke inductance can be determined in the nominal mode (shielding mode) and in the short-circuit mode. The developed design of the HTS shield consisting of 71 rings is presented. The results of testing the choke with an HTS shield are given.
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