Reduction of Fire Hazard in Individual Residential Buildings under the Conditions of Unbalanced and Nonlinear Loads
Keywords:
individual residential building, unbalanced and nonlinear load, fire hazardous situation, balancing device
Abstract
The article considers the possibilities of using methods and technical means to reduce the risk of fire-hazardous situations to occur in individual residential buildings (IRB) as a consequence of unbalanced operation modes caused by unbalanced and nonlinear loads. The maximum allowable current values through the neutral conductor of the IRB internal electrical network and in a 0.4 kV four-wire network under various temperature conditions have been determined. Based on the actual measurements of electrical energy parameters in the IRB internal electrical network, the connection of the newly developed balancing device to the IRB input distribution board was simulated. The effectiveness of using the balancing device was analyzed from the viewpoint of reducing the risk of fire to break out. It has been established that the use of a balancing device reduces heat losses, which can cause a fire hazard in the electrical network under study, by more than 60 %. The results obtained may be of interest to companies involved in the design and construction of IRBs, as well as to scientists who investigate unbalanced operating modes of low-voltage electric networks.
References
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#
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3. Минстрой России разработал законопроект по развитию индивидуального жилищного строительства [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.minstroyrf.gov.ru/press/minstroy-rossii-razrabotal-zakonoproekt-po-razvitiyu-individualnogo-zhilishchnogo-stroitelstva/ (дата обращения 06.02.2025).
4. Козлова Ю.С. Оценка риска возникновения пожара от короткого замыкания при расследовании и экспертизе пожаров, вызванных аварийными режимами на воздушных линиях электропередачи. – ХХI век. Техносферная безопасность, 2021, т. 6, № 4, с. 363–368.
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7. Naumov I.V. et al. Methods for Fire Risk Reduction in Residential Premises with the Help of Balancing Devices. – IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2017, vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 10–16.
8. Watson A.N., Benjamin A.K., Ariemie B. Reduction of harmonics in the Neutral Wire for 3-Phase 4-Wire Distribution Systems. – International Journal of Scientific Publications, 2022, vol. 12, iss. 3, pp. 288–299, DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.12.03.2022. p12340.
9. Пат. RU 2789514 C1. Система защиты элементов электрической сети от перегрева / Б.Н. Зубов, В.Д. Купцов, 2023.
10. Shamiur Rahman M.D., Hossain M.J., Lu J. Coordinated Control of Three-Phase AC and DC Type EV–ESSs for Efficient Hybrid Microgrid Operations. – Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, vol. 122, pp. 488–503, DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.05.070.
11. RodrÍguez P. et al. Current Harmonics Cancellation in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems by Using a Four-Branch Star Filtering Topology. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2009, vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 1939-1950, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2017810.
12. Asna F.M.P., Kumar M.V. Neutral Current Compensation Using Three-Leg Inverter Based DSTATCOM Topologies. – 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), 2019, pp. 94–100, DOI:10.1109/ICICICT46008.2019.8993216.
13. Karanki S.V. et al. A DSTATCOM Topology with Reduced DC-Link Voltage Rating for Load Compensation with Nonstiff Source. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 1201–1211, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2163946.
14. Gupta A., Jain D., Dahiya S. Neutral Current Compensation Techniques in Autonomous Wind Energy Sources. – International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2014, vol. 5, pp. 357–363, DOI:10.1007/S40095-014-0134-0.
15. Ayoubi E. et al. Enhanced Controller for a Four-Leg Inverter Operating in a Stand-Alone Microgrid with Unbalanced Loads. – International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2021, vol. 12 (4), pp. 2372–2383, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i4.pp2372-2383.
16. Belitskiy A.A., Rastvorova I.I. Denisova O.V. Nonlinear and Unbalanced Load as a Basic Factor of a Neutral Conductor Current. – IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), 2018, DOI: 10.1109/EIConRus.2018.8317162.
17. Byerly J.M. et al. Real-Time Circuit Breaker Health Diagnostics. – 70th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE), 2019, DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2017.8090047.
18. Xue Y. et al. Analysis on Failure Modes of Miniature Circuit Breaker. – IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2016, DOI: 10.1109/POWERCON.2016.7753881.
19. Косоухов Ф.Д. Методы расчета и анализа показателей несимметрии токов и напряжений в сельских распределительных сетях. Л.: ЛСХИ, 1984, 42 с.
20. Свидетельство о гос. регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2023684122 РФ. Программа "Unbalance -3" для расчета несбалансированных режимов работы низковольтных электрических сетей / И.В. Наумов, 2023.
21. Schneider Electric. Sizing the Neutral Conductor [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.electrical-installation.org/enwiki/Sizing_the_neutral_conductor (дата обращения 30.01.2025).
22. Козловская В.Б., Калечиц В.Н. Учет влияния высоких гармоник при выборе поперечных сечений проводов линий наружного освещения. – Энергетика. Известия высших учебных заведений и энергетических объединений СНГ, 2017, т. 60, № 6, с. 544–557.
23. Chesterton T. The Cross-Section of the Wire for Electrical Wiring [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://havethebestelectronics.com/17228469-cross-section-of-the-wire-when-installing-electrical-wiring (дата обращения 30.01.2025).
24. Stallcup J.Sr. Characteristics of the Neutral Conductor 01.09.2000 [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.ecmweb.com/national-electrical-code/code-basics/article/20890526/characteristics-of-the-neutral-conductor (дата обращения 30.01.2025).
25. Radiation Heat Transfer. Blackbody Radiation [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.nuclear-power.com/nuclear-engineering/heat-transfer/radiation-heat-transfer/ (дата обращения 09.01.2025).
26. Наумов И.В. Устройство по снижению потерь в электрических сетях с нелинейно-несимметричной нагрузкой. – Электричество, 2023, № 6, с. 57–66.
27. Кутявин И.Д., Лисецкий Н.В. Расчет фильтров токов прямой и обратной последовательностей. – Известия Томского ордена Трудового красного знамени, политехнического института имени С.М. Кирова, 1952, т. 72, с. 55–59.
28. Наумов И.В. Технологические предпосылки для оценки несбалансированных режимов работы компонентов низковольтных систем электроснабжения и способы минимизации последствий этих режимов. – Вестник Сибирского федерального университета. Техника и технологии, 2024, т. 17, № 6, с. 777–800.
29. ГОСТ IEC 61000-4-30-2017. Электромагнитная совместимость (ЭМС). Ч.4-30 Методы испытаний и измерений. Методы измерений качества электрической энергии. М.: Стандартинформ, 2020, 57 с.
#
1. CTIF. Center of Fire Statistics. World Fire Statistics (2024), No. 29, 96 p. [Electron. resource], URL: https://ctif.org/sites/default/files/2024-06/CTIF_Report29_ERG.pdf (Access on 02.01.2025).
2. Fedorinova E.S. Sovershenstvovanie metodov upravleniya rezhimami raboty nizkovol’tnyh sistem elektrosnabzheniya: dis. … kand. tehn. nauk (Improvement of Methods for Controlling the Operating Modes of Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems: Dis. ... Cand. Sci. (Eng.)). Irkutsk, 2023, 152 p.
3. Minstroy Rossii razrabotal zakonoproekt po razvitiyu individual’nogo zhilishchnogo stroitel’stva (The Russian Ministry of Construction Has Drafted a Bill on the Development of Individual Housing Construction) [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.minstroyrf.gov.ru/press/minstroy-rossii-razrabotal-zakonoproekt-po-razvitiyu-individualnogo-zhilishchnogo-stroitelstva/ (Access on 06.02.2025).
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2025-02-27
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